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Ssc SOCIAL STUDY CIRCLE di (ESTD
1982) www.dalitindia.com ssc@dalitindia.com *********************************************************************** |
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July
11, 2004
Memorandum to President of
Congress Party and ministers at Centre Govt.
A MEMORANDUM BY SCs&STs
With
A SHORT NOTE TO MOBILISE
SC&ST DALITS
A. SC&ST DALITS’
MEMORANDUM
I.
PLANNING AND BUDGET
1.
Planning Commission should have a
Strong Component of SCs&STs, if a Special SC&ST Planning
Development and Co-ordination Commission, could not be created
2.
Special SC&ST Economic
Programmes and Plans
must be introduced, and they must be Reviewed and Restructured regularly
3.
Budgets should be prepared, only
after Consultations with SC&ST Leaders and Associations.
SC&ST Dalits, being 260 million Plus today, can no more be neglected
– nor any further. The Consultations
must be similar, if not exactly like those that the Finance Ministers do have
these days, to consult big businesses and industrialists before finalising their
Budgets. That, though the FMs and their
Govts win their Elections and come to Power, with the Votes of millions and
millions of poor SC&ST Dalits, and not that of the Business Houses and
Industrialists
4.
There should be a professional
SC&ST Adviser to the Govt, and Consultants on SC&ST Issues in all
Departments, to evolve Plans Programmes and Schemes of the Ministry/ Department in tune with, and to include the needs and interests of SCs&STs. They must be drawn from outside the IAS
lobby, which had all along betrayed the People of the Country, particularly the
SC&ST Dalits
II.
PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS
5.
All CMDs, Managing Directors, and
full-time functional Directors and Executive Directors, must be chosen from
amongst only those who had originally joined initial Service, with proper
full-time Professional Qualifications from Universities, and not those who just have got some
namesake Degrees and Certificates. All
those, who had just managed to pick-up some Knowledge or Qualifications and
Degrees on the job, being really not experts or good professionals, must be
replaced immediately. Particularly, the
Services of all those who had risen from the ranks of Personal Assistants,
Stenographers, Clerks, posts of PROs and Technical Assistants, with only
matriculations or just Diplomas, who today monopolise the PSUs because of their
castes, connections, strings and manipulations, must be dispensed with. And in their places, properly qualified
SC&ST Dalits must be employed as CMDs, MDs, EDs etc
6.
All PSUs in the Country, must be
Developed in a big
way without any exception, to achieve excellence in their respective spheres,
and reach prominent Industrial and Business heights
7.
Every loss making PSU, must be
subjected to special Scrutiny of Parliament – taking into account, the Views of the Workers and their Unions
8.
Loss-making PSUs, wherever necessary
must be handed over
to Workers Unions, or any specialist Management Consultants – for Revival,
Reconstruction, Modernisation and Diversification. For, there is something sinister that, while Private Sector Industries
and Foreign Multi-National Companies are suddenly Mushrooming, and growing into
unwieldly cancerous Giants virtually in no time, making unbelievably huge
profits, PSUs are wilting one after the other, only to bloom again in the hands
of others, after their Privatisation
III. EMPLOYMENT OF SCs&STs
9.
Discriminations
exploitations and harssaments are maximum, in the Unorganised Sector, which go
undocumented. SC&ST Dalits are mostly employed in the Unorganised Sector, and
they suffer the most. Perhaps the discriminations
exploitations and harssaments take place in the Unorganised Sector, only
because of SCs&STs there. These injustices and unfair practices,
often times crueller and most inhuman, must be put to an end at the earliest. Therefore, an appropriate Agency/ Regulatory Authority must be created, to
ensure that Rural Employments remain Fair and Just. Anyone employing ten or more individuals for more than ten days,
must first Register their Requirement with the Regulator before employing
anyone, along with a Deposit of 100 Days Wages. That Deposit should be utilised to pay the Worker, if they are not
paid the Minimum Wages
10.
There should be an Insurance Scheme
for SCs&STs, to protect them in all cases of Dismissals and Un-employment, something similar to Retirement
Benefits and Pension Payments, since there is still no Social Welfare Net in
the Country
11.
Crafts Schools and Skill Development
Centres must be established, for Promotion of Handicrafts, as most of the SCs&STs are
generally engaged in these jobs, and there had been very little skill
improvements for a quite long time
12.
Rural Entrepreneur Development
Centres must be Established in every Taluk, to Develop Entrepreneurship amongst
the SCs&STs,
particularly in the Rural Areas
IV. EMPLOYMENT OF SC&ST SWEEPERS
13.
Govt Offices, Public Sector
Enterprises must promote Sweepers from SC&ST Communities to higher ranks, as Public Health Workers and
Supervisors
14.
Sweepers from SC&ST Communities
must be employed at senior levels as Public Health Workers and Supervisors in
Hospitals, all Panchayats, Municipalities, City Corporations, Market Places,
Slaughter Houses, Bus Terminals, Railway Stations etc to maintain utmost cleanliness
15.
Special Awards must be Instituted
and Awarded to the best Public Health Workers and Supervisors who maintain
cleanliness, comparable
to good Air Ports, to duly recognise their hard work and contributions
16.
Govt must stop exploiting SC&ST
Sweepers, and not privatise Sweepers Jobs,
to benefit private contractors.
Govt must declare that Sweeping will be the last job to be privatised
17.
All Panchayats, Municipalities, City
Corporations, Govt Offices, Public Sector Enterprises must stop, the prevailing
fraudulent practices of employing as Sweepers, others than those from the
SC&ST Sweeper Communities, wanting to gain entry into service, get jobs and regular salaries as
Sweepers, without actually doing any work of Sweepers
V. SCs&STs IN SERVICE
18.
Professionally
Qualified SC&ST Dalits must be
appointed as MDs, CMDs and Chairmen of PSUs, Banks and Financial
Institutions
19.
There
should be a TRANSFER POLICY, with clear
provisions to protect SCs&STs from deliberate discriminations of
Transfers to distant, difficult, troubled and unwanted areas
20.
SC&ST
Dalits are deliberately shunted out, and posted to distant far off places. Such harassments should be stopped. SC&ST
Dalits should not be posted, beyond the immediate adjacent States and Union
Territories surrounding their home States/UTs other than the National Capital
of Delhi
21.
Moratorium on Persecution of all
SC&ST Officials Employees and Workers, at least for five years, during the tenure of
this Govt
22.
Immediate Rehabilitation of all
SC&ST Dalits and Minorities thrown out of, their Service/ Job/ Employment, by way of forced or coerced Voluntary Retirement Schemes,
or Compulsory Retirements, or Dismissals etc
PROMOTIONS OF SC&ST DALITS IN SERVICE
23.
SC&ST Employees must be
protected, from being deliberately dropped out at the time of Promotions, due to the still lingering racial
caste fears and antagonisms
24.
The
current practices of avoiding deferring
and delaying SC&ST Promotions must be stopped, as they are clear
attempts to destroy the career progressions of SCs&STs
25.
Every SC/ST recruited into superior
Services, through All India Competitive Emanations by UPSC, must be given Time
Bound Promotions,
as in the case of those joining Indian Administrative
Service, up to the rank/ grade of Joint
Secretary at least. Other SC&ST Officers, must be given at
least one Promotion after every ten years of Service in a Post/ Rank
26.
SC/ST Employees recruited into
subordinate or junior Services, must also be given Time Bound Promotions, and
at least one Promotion for every ten years of their service
27.
The present practices of promoting
others less qualified, or not qualified in the specific areas of work, or not
adequately experienced, specially in the areas of work, or non-specialists,
just to by-pass SC&ST Dalits who are more qualified, better qualified, that
too in the specific areas of work and with right and adequate eperiences, must
be stopped , at least now, and the SC&ST Dalits must be given due
promotions, at the right times, even if they are not otherwise promoted in
recognition of their Services and Contributions, and as the right and due incentives
RATINGS AND REPORTS OF SC&ST DALITS
28.
Any SC&ST given an ACR or
Grading that is below the requirement for Promotion, should be properly advised
and given full opportunities to overcome the alleged ‘shortcomings’ observed by their superiors
29.
SC&ST Dalits, getting ACRs or
Gradings below the Requirements for their next Promotions for the second time,
must immediately be sent to undergo Appropriate Advanced Trainings, or Special
Executive and Management Development Programmes to improve their performances
30.
Most
SCs&STs are deliberately given lukewarm and poor Annual Confidential
Reports (ACRs) and Ratings, to delay and deny their Promotions, because of the
still prevailing and continuing caste biases and prejudices. Hence, Severe
Actions must be taken against Officers, giving more than one Adverse Report or
poor Grading, to any SC&ST working under them
31.
Action should also be taken against
HODs, wherever any SC/ST is given Adverse ACRs and Poor Reports, for consequent years
32.
There
should be Special Moderation Committees,
to look into the ACRs and Gradings of SC&ST Officers and Employees. These SMCs should have full Powers to
expunge adverse, bad and lukewarm Entries in the Reports, and also upgrade the
Gradings, well before any Promotions are made.
At least 50% Members of such SMCs should be SCs&STs from other
Ministries/ Departments/ Organisations
VI. EMPLOYMENT OF SCs&STs IN PRIVATE SECTOR
33.
Merit is discounted, as it is
totally subjective and invariably not a consideration for Employment, in most
of the Private Sector Units. Hence, Quantum Changes must be
ensured in all Employments in the Private Sector, to ensure Justice to everyone
in the Country
34.
Private Sector and Business
Activities in the Country, are all organised purely on the basis of Castes, and
are not at all based on Merit. Therefore, Drastic Changes must
be made, to reduce Caste Considerations and Caste Influences at the time of
Employments in the Private Sector, to provide Equal Opportunities to all
irrespective of Considerations of Caste, Colour, Sex, Race
35.
There
must be suitable Regulatory Authority to
govern Employments in the Private Sector, as there is no possibility at all for
the SCs&STs, Minorities and other backward castes in the Country, to get
any decent or good or well paid Employment in the Private Sector, in the
present day conditions
VII. RESERVATIONS IN PRIVATE SECTOR
36.
There
must be Compulsory Reservations for
Employment of SCs&STs, in all Private Sector Establishments, utilising
Natural Resources of the People in the Country
37.
Anyone using Land or Water, or
employing more than thirty Individuals educated and trained in the Country,
must strictly implement Reservations. For, Industries and Businesses are for Public
Good, and Welfare of the whole Society, and not for the private personal Profits and huge unlimited Earnings of
Industrialists and Business Families, or the exclusive benefits of any
single individual or group or caste
VIII.
PAYMENT OF WAGES TO SCs&STs
38.
Just Wages must be paid to SC&ST
Dalits, who work
physically to create lasting physical assets, and provide food to all People in
the Country
39.
Minimum Wages must be Development
and Growth Oriented,
and not be cruelly tied to Survival, or be meaninglessly kept down as
Subsistence Wages. Hence, SC&ST
Employees should no more be paid Minimum or Subsistence or Survival Wages,
while the others living on the contributions and produce of SC&ST Dalits,
are easily and comfortably allowed to take home millions as Salaries, and at
times even as incentives and increments
40.
Payment of Full Wages to SC&ST
Dalits must be
ensured, as they are invariably not paid full wages due or promised, almost in
every part of the Country. This is so,
even in the Public Sector and Govt Offices – under some pretext or the other
IX. EQUAL WAGES FOR ALL
41.
The
relative Gap between SC&ST Dalit
Workers, and Officials in Govt or Private must be reduced gradually and
regularly, to bridge the gulf step by step, and at the earliest
42.
The
ultimate Aim of the Govt must be, Equal
Wages for all in the Country
43.
Wages must be in proportion to hours
of Work, difficulties, hardships and risks involved in the Job, actual and
direct energy input to the job, and contributions to the basic needs of People
in the Country, as
well as the needs of the family of the workers/ employees
X. END HUNGER DEATHS
44.
Hunger Deaths of poor SC Dalits and
helpless ST Dalits must be stopped all around the Country, with utmost priority and at any cost
45.
There should be Day-Care Centres
with Nutritious Mid-Day Meal Programme in every SC&ST Colonies and
Villages, to
protect all the young Children, particularly all those suffering from severe
mal-nutrition/ different avoidable sicknesses, that would otherwise lead to
hunger deaths these days, in different parts of the Country
46.
Spending huge funds from the Public
Exchequer, just to store rotting Food-Stocks in the Godowns, must be stopped.
SC&ST Dalits must be engaged
in the tasks of assessing the Life and Quality of each lot of Grains procured,
to prevent them being distributed to SCs&STs, after the expiry of their
shelf/ storage lives. Like Drugs,
Food Stocks must be packed properly, and scientifically stored, indicating
procurement date, storage life, and expiry date. All old stocks must be assessed for their Utility – human
consumption, or use as feedstock to animals, bird and fish, or as manure in the
farms; or condemnation and safe deep burial or incineration.
47.
Non-moving and slow-moving
FOOD-STOCKS, must be Distributed to SC&ST Dalits, after assessing their
quality, immediately after the end of half their storage lives.
Revenue Authorities must be held responsible for their distribution to
poor SCs&STs in Rural Areas and City Slums
48.
Schemes like CREATION OF PUBLIC
PHYSICAL ASSETS AND WORK FOR FOOD must be launched, in the poor backward
SC&ST Areas. Revenue Authorities should be asked to get
created, reasonably proportionate Public
Physical Assets in return for the grains distributed. The Concept should be, just exactly reverse
and opposite to the present Scheme of FOOD FOR WORK, which fails to take off in
many areas, as the authorities are too slow in coming out with Plans for the
Works, that need to be taken up
XI. PROVISION OF MEDICAL FACILITIES
49.
Dispensaries and Medical Sub-Centres
for rendering First Aid, be set up in every SC&ST Colony, both in the Rural and Urban
Areas
50.
All Dispensaries and Medical
Sub-Centres in
SC&ST Areas must be manned by local SC&ST Youngsters trained by Medical
Colleges and Hospitals as Para-Medics, to ensure that their the Dispensaries
and Medical Centres are always manned
51.
Proper and full fledged Medical
Treatment Facilities, and Maternity Centres with pre-Natal/ anti-Natal,
peri-Natal and Post-Natal Care for Infants and Mothers be set up, wherever
possible in SC&ST Areas, both in Rural Areas and Urban Slums, and not be restricted to only in
VIP Areas
XII. EDUCATION OF SCs&STs
52.
All
Educational Institutions, Govt or Private, must Admit 25% SC&ST Dalit Students, without any exception
53.
All
SC&ST Dalit Students must be given proper and adequate Freeships and Scholarships/ Fellowships, without any restriction to
study, and to avoid dropouts
54.
SC&ST Students must be given
preferences, at the time of Admissions in all Educational Institutions.
The entire Indian Society needs to be educated on priority, if the
Country is to develop as a Civilised Nation.
Hence, the least educated must be
admitted for Education first, instead of admitting only those from the
already well educated families, and with higher marks
55.
Dominant Caste Students, claiming to
have Extraordinary Talents and superior family backgrounds, and educated parents, must be encouraged to go to Open Schools,
or take up Continuing or Correspondence Courses. They can always afford the best of private costly coaching
classes and expensive expert tutions, better resources, etc
XIII.
SC&ST TEACHERS
56.
SC&ST Teachers must be employed
on a preferential basis, to spread Education amongst SCs&STs
57.
SC&ST Teachers must also be
appointed and promoted as Head Masters and Principals, to give a big push to SC&ST
Dalits Education
58.
All SC&ST Students must be engaged to Teach
other SCs&STs, both old and young during Summer Vacations. They should be given appropriate
honorariums, to expeditiously spread literacy amongst SCs&STs
59.
Incentives
must be provided to start Schools, in
every SC&ST Colonies, Villages and Hamlets, preferably to SC&ST
Associations and Welfare Societies etc
60.
SC&ST Dalit Associations and
Groups must be encouraged and helped, to start their own Educational
Institutions –
starting from Coaching Centres, Schools, Training Institutions, Technical
Centres, Colleges etc
61.
SC&ST Dalits sending their
Children for Education, should be exempted from all Taxes
XIV. MIDDAY MEALS IN SCHOOLS
62.
Every Child in the Schools, without
exception, must be compulsorily enrolled for Midday Meals, to ensure proper energy and balanced
healthy food input, at least during the Daytimes on School Days
63.
Only SC&ST Dalits must be
appointed in the Kitchens and Dining-Halls, as Cooks, Helpers, Servers, Attendants, Cleaners etc,
for bringing up a better and an early
social-integration, at least in the Schools
XV. HOSTEL FACILITIES FOR SC&ST STUDENTS
64.
Hostel Facilities on priority to all
outstation SC&ST Students must be provided, as they could never find, and also could not
afford to pay for any Private Accommodation
65.
Proper
Hostel Facilities must be provided
to SC&ST Students, coming from rural and distant areas
66.
Compulsory Hostel Accommodation for
Female SC&ST Dalit Students, must be provided on an immediate basis
67.
More Hostel Facilities must be
created, by different Colleges and Universities, by taking over or hiring out private
accommodations wherever necessary
68.
Building of Hostels for SC&ST
Dalit Students must be Financed by the Central and State/ UT Govts
69.
Renowned Secular NGOs, must be
encouraged to run Hostel Facilities for SC&ST Students, near the Colleges and Universities,
to supplement the existing Hostel Facilities
XVI. HOUSING FOR SC&ST DALITS
70.
Special Schemes must be launched to
provide Accommodation to SC&ST Dalits, particularly in the Cities, State
Capitals and Delhi, as generally almost all House Owners are still not willing
to provide any decent Accommodation to SC&ST Dalits, particularly the caste hindus
71.
Transit and Hostel Accommodations must be built for SC&ST
Employees
72.
In General Residential Areas,
SC&ST Dalits must be allotted accommodation on a priority basis. The first/ next-available accommodation must be allotted to
SC&ST Dalits, to create composite and tolerant metropolitan Societies
73.
Special Colonies for SCs&STs must be built, wherever necessary
74.
Separate and Special SC&ST
Housing Schemes
must be launched, for providing Houses
for Senior SC&ST Citizens, particularly those retiring from Service,
but having no accommodation of their own anywhere to go, to spend their
twilight years
XVII. LAND REFORMS
75.
Land Reforms must be taken up again
all over the Country, honestly and sincerely with a time bound programme
76.
All loop-holes in the present Land Reform Acts,
and in the implementation stages must be plugged, immediately and at the
earliest
77.
Land should be redistributed on a regular basis, at least every twenty years, on a continuing/
regular basis, to ensure that Land Reforms always remain meaningful
78.
Land should be handed over to the
Tillers, for
effective husbanding, and effect increase in Farm Outputs
79.
A Special Scheme – Land for the
Tillers must be
launched, and the Tillers must be declared the legal owners of the lands they
cultivate. Eviction of Tillers must be
prohibited
80.
All absentee land-ownership, and binami land holdings must be abolished.
Therefore, all Land Transfers must be banned for at least five years
81.
Those on whose name Land is
Registered, or in whose name the land is held, be allowed to cultivate, reap
the harvest, and take the produce for their own use, and as their own
XVIII. IRRIGATION AND OTHER FACILITIES FOR SC&ST FARMERS
82.
Appropriate Irrigation Facilities to
SC&ST Lands
must be provided, at the earliest
83.
Electric Connections must be
provided to SC&ST Farmers, on a close Time-Bound Programme, particularly in areas where Free-Power
is given for Agriculture, or at Concessional Rates, or as a Priority Sector
84.
Quality Seeds and Fertilisers must
be given to SC&ST Farmers, first
85.
Govt and Bank Loans must reach
SC&ST Agricultural Workers on priority, before anyone else
86.
Ware-Housing Facilities must be
created near SC&ST Colonies, to stock their produce
87.
Cold Storage Facilities for
Fishermen etc must
be established, wherever necessary
88.
Govt must Procure Grains, first from
SC&ST Dalit Farmers, before accepting the grains of others
XIX. ECONOMIC PROGRAMMES
89.
Special Economic Programmes for
SCs&STs, other
than those to only Below Poverty Lines, or Double the Poverty Lines, must be
launched at the earliest
90.
Programmes for SCs&STs must move
out of the present rural based Traditional Programmes of Poultry, Piggery, Sheep rearing,
Milch Cows, Diary, Bee Keeping, Papad/ Pickle/
Jam Making etc
91.
SCs&STs must be Encouraged and
Permitted to Organise their own Special Exclusive Co-operatives etc
92.
Like
Tax Exemption to New Industries and Industries in Backward Regions, SC&ST Dalits should be exempted from
Income Tax, Service Tax etc
93.
Special Programmes for SCs&STs, like High End Vegetable
Cultivation, Floriculture, Horticulture, Orchards, Orchids
94.
SCs&STs must be given Agencies
for Fertilisers, Drugs, Chemicals, Petrol, Gas, Kerosene,Textiles, Watches,
Vehicles etc etc
95.
Special Schemes for Developing
exclusive SC&ST Industrial Estates, Small Scale Industries, Medium Scale
Industries and Large Scale Industries must be launched at the earliest
XX. NGOs
96.
SCs&STs must be encouraged and
helped to organise Professional NGOs in different parts of the Country.
Today, many NGOs by the Dominant Castes are sprouting all over the
Country. Working for and in the name of
SC&ST Dalits, has become a big business today. There is lot of money, power, position, recognition, prestige and
comfort in it. Hence, lots of NGOs are
now being registered by many only for this purpose, and make a living. And there is a big unholy alliance between
the NGOs, Govt Officials and Politicians to cheat and exploit both the Govts,
Aid-Agencies, and also the SC&ST Dalits.
Hence, very often the NGOs themselves have become oppressive, and a big
burden on SC&ST Dalits in the Country
97.
Existing NGOs must be compelled to
include SCs&STs,
preferably activist SC&ST Academicians and committed retired SC&ST
Officials, on their Governing Bodies etc, if they are to continue receive Govt
Funds, or be allowed to receive Foreign Fundings, to Work for SC&ST Dalits
XXI. SC&ST COMMISSIONS
98.
SC&ST Commissions in the States
and Union Territories, as well as the National Commission, should bring out
suitable Compilations every year, listing out all the Complaints,
Representations and Memorandums received by them from SCs&STs, indicating
those cases that had been solved in favour of the SCs&STs. This will really and fully help the general
Academicians, Activists, Govt and Public to know, or study the extent and type
of Sufferings of SCs&STs in the Country, and the efficacy of the
Commission
99. The National Commission on SCs&STs must bring out, Appropriate Volumes and
Writings, on the Problems of Exploitations and Sufferings of SCs&STs, as
well as the Policy and Need for Reservations etc
100. The Need for Developing the SCs&STs in the Country at the earliest,
to erase the National Shame, and wipe out the continuing Discriminations to end
the sufferings of SCs&STs, and build a just and civilised Nation, must be highlighted appropriately
by the Govt
1. Education
of all
2. Employment
for everyone
3. Equal
Treatments to all the Minorities
4. Equal
Wages to all Workers, Employees and Officials
5. Programmes
for Weaker Sections, Workers and Women
6. Immediate
winding up of the entire Ministry of dis-Investment
7. Creation
of a new Ministry of Social and Economic Reconstruction
8. Enquiry
into all attacks on Minorities, Churches, Nuns and Missionaries
9. Moratorium
on Persecution of all SC&ST Officials Employees and workers
10. Public Enquiry
Commission of all dis-Investments, Sale of PSUs and Govt Units
11. Rehabilitation
of all SC&ST Dalits and Minorities thrown out of Service/ Employment
B. SHORT NOTE TO MOBILISE SC&ST DALITS
1. Select
numbers of well Educated SC&ST Dalit Officials, Academicians and seasoned
Activists, known over the years for their Commitment and Work, can be invited
for an afternoon of short Discussions on
Development of a Range of SC&ST Dalit Communities, and evening Tea, by
the Party President, on Baba Saheb Dr BR
Ambedkar’s Birth Anniversary – 14th of April, every Year
2. Similar
Meetings can be organised at the State
and District Levels, by the State and District Party Presidents in
different parts of the State/Union Territory on days from 15 days before and up
to 15 days after Baba Saheb Dr BR Ambedkar’s Birth Anniversary – 14th
of April, every Year
3. The Meetings or Get-Togethers should not
be allowed to degenerate into a formality, like the Iftar
Parties, that had all lost their purpose, and had become meaningless – except serve
as a Political Show.
4. The Invitees may be asked to come with Short
Notes or Papers listing out the overall Development of SC&ST Dalit
Communities in General, or of specific SC/ST Dalit Communities in Particular
Regions. They should also be encouraged
to come up with specific Case Reports on
the SC/ST Dalit Community Development, or analytical Studies of Development Programmes that had failed, to learn from
them and take precautions while formulating any Special Development Programme
for any SC/ST Dalit Community in any Region of any State at anytime.
5. The
Party, right from the Block, District and State Levels to the All India Level,
can be encouraged to organise Workshops
and Study Groups, to discuss such Case Studies and Reports on successful
cases
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