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       Updated on 18-03-2009 AN

 

DALIT DISCRIMINATION IN ARTS CULTURE MUSIC SPORTS;

 

 ARMY AND OTHER FORCES IN UNIFORM*

 

 

India is basically, a too bad Nation.  And what is worse, it has an intolerant Society.  It only tolerates Injustices and Dalit Exploitations.  It is thus in many respects, extremely unreasonable unfair and unjust Nation.  It does not even give the victims; any space and room to turnaround think or respond.  Worst victims, amongst all in the Country, are no doubt SC&ST Dalits.

 

The SC&ST Dalits, have been not only discriminated, but harassed and criminally victimised in all forms of crude violences, but are also subjected to unimaginable atrocities exploitations oppressions and suppressions.  What totally unbearable is that, the Dalits are not at all allowed to respond and react.  They are forced to accept the Atrocities, as due and destined right punishments.  Often, they are invariably not allowed to even cry in pain.  They are definitely not permitted to protest, or say anything.

 

There had always been, in protest, lots of Dalits’ Poetry, composed and written in silence; and many sayings written in private.  Imagine their ingenuity, in composing all those Classic Protest Songs and Sayings, often as forms of Folklore or even Prayers to their own small gods and goddesses in the Villages and Slums.  One has to only refer to the great work, Grama Devathalu, that means Village Deities, by the once famous fire-band Sidharamaiah, of Bangalore University, Karnataka, who later became a Member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.  He was appointed directly into Bangalore University, and also made then a MLC, only to purchase and silence him, as well as Temper-Down, Cool Him and Mellow-Down his Fiery Writings and Speeches.

 

The Indian Society is always on the lookout, to grab and take away what are others; be they the animals fodder food homes land wealth women and girls, especially the charmingly beautiful young and well built ones.  And now, the Indian Society is after the well educated and better placed SC&ST Dalit Grooms earning a lot.  Such Boys and prospective Grooms are poached and trapped, for the poor relatively not so good looking, even ugly and spoilt, not so much educated girls and unmarried women or the widows, from poor dominant caste families.  That, especially for those, who are not in a position to afford to spend or pay to marry them off, with their heavy huge dowry, or the conventional prices offered by brides’ parents and family and the associated big gifts.

 

As better prospective educated well-employed, better-earning SC&ST Boys and Grooms are lost to the cheap girls and women of the dominant caste hindus.  Thus, SC&ST Dalits loose, many likely good grooms for their girls, whom generally none else marry to live with, unless the girl herself is highly educated, better employed and earning a lot, or is extremely good looking beautiful and very charming.  Otherwise in many cases, SC&ST Girls who are picked up for marriage by the dominant caste hindus, referred to generally as DCHs, are dropped when their charm wanes.  It is, invariably sooner than later, in a matter of some months or a few years.  Even otherwise, the life of such SC&ST Girls and Women, are too miserable to narrate.

 

DALIT DISCRIMINATION IN ARTS CULTURE MUSIC SPORTS;

ARMY AND OTHER UNIFORMED SERVICES

 

ARTS

 

The SCs&STs as Native People bonded to the Earth, associated with Land and Soil, and tied to Nature, excel in Arts, both Performing Arts and Fine Arts.  But SCs&STs are always denigrated for their Arts and Culture, as cheap ones of the Primitive People, Tribal Dances and Arts, or some Folk Songs, Rural Music, Jungle Dances, Village Arts, and thus neglected and trashed.  Or they are crudely taken around to perform, and are displayed and exhibited in the Main Thoroughfares, Stages and in some Platforms of Delhi during the Republic Days.  Sometimes, they are asked to Dance and Entertain, Visiting Dignitaries to please and honour them.  But on the other hand, the brahmins and dominant caste hindus, who silently copy some of the SC&ST Dongs Music Dance and other Performances, are allowed to go around the whole Country, or sponsored or taken around the whole World in Phases, for performing always before some elite audiences at special venues and Theatres, for a big fee, consideration and huge returns.

 

The brahmins are thus, made to go abroad jet-setting and hoping all-around the World as Cultural Ambassadors, and Great Musicians and Artists of this Country.

 

Many of the Cultural Exchange Programmes and MOUs being signed during the Visit of Foreign Dignitaries; and those inked by the Indian President or PM and others Visits with the Heads of other Countries, are fully utilised by those jet-set dominant caste hindu cultural ambassadors.

 

Performing Arts

 

There have been many eminent, well-known and most Popular SCs&STs in the spheres of Performing Arts.  Particularly in the Fields of Drama and Stage, Cinema, and TV.

 

Cinema

 

There were many SC&ST Heroes, Heroines, Comedians, Jokers, Entertainers, Villains etc in the Cinemas.  The famous Tamil Comedian, NS Krishnan of Madras, is the most eminent amongst them all.  He was followed by many, till the brahmins had entered; usurped the scene completely by many respects.

 

Dance

 

There were a few SC&ST Popular Dancers.  They had all soon vanished in thin Air and been Forgotten.

 

Fine Arts

 

There had been many eminent World-Class Practitioners, Teachers and Principles of the Schools and Colleges of Fine Arts.  They were really so many Painters, Sculptors etc, right from the eminent Ram Kinker Bhoj, almost the most famous of them all, from Shanti-Niketan, West Bengal.

 

ARMY

 

Not much of a Study hand been made about, Dalit Discriminations in Arts Culture Music Sports; and in Army and other Uniformed Services, except for some quite old work by a Japanese Scholar in Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi.  That was, sometime during the early eighties.

 

Lots of empirical studies, collected information, buried texts, individual knowledge and accounts, about such discriminations and negligence are available scattered around the Country and Abroad.  They may be available, with a few concerned and interested Individuals.

In fact the website – dalitindia.com – did compile some data sometime back and posted it, with the expectation that there could be lots of other inputs by many SCs&STs.  But sadly those expectations, as usual were belied.

 

SPORTS

 

Games and Sports, generally keep the poor and all the underprivileged busy happy and engaged.  Thus, Sports being poor peoples’ big entertainment or their business, it is natural to expect the poorest of the poor, the SC&ST Dalits in large numbers in many Sports Teams all over the Country.  But sadly again, we can hardly see any SCs&STs being eulogised or promoted in the Country.  It is not that, the SCs&STs are not playing or are not in the teams.  There are good many.  But when it comes to selecting the School Team, choosing the College Team or making the University Team, or Representing the District, Region, State, Zone or the Nation, the SCs&STs are a strict No No No.

 

The SCs&STs were, and even now are invariably sidelined.  And, they are often forced to sit-down and be just the spectators.  Otherwise they are made to sit in the benches as Reserves even if included in the Teams, or dropped at the first opportunity, even if by chance they have played, to show their talents, and proved that they can play well to win.  There are too many such sad stories here.

 

The extent of corruption favouritism nepotism and demand for sex and sexual favours while making selections, forming teams, and choosing the Players in any Match, is too well-known here.

 

Tennis

 

One may recall during the US Presidential Election of Jimmy Carter, there was a sort of negative Campaign ABC – Anybody But Carter.  Also in the Tennis World, there was once the famous three – the ABC that stood for the Promising Young Players in the International Circuit – Vijay Amrithraj from India, Bjorn Borg of Sweden, and the American Jimmy Connors.  The last two went on, truly as expected, to become the Tennis Greats.  Vijay Amrithraj, matched surpassed and dominated Tennis, only in India, though he played great Tennis, even in International Circuits.

 

In the International Circuit, Vijay Amrithraj, often faltered and failed.  Partly the blame rests at the doors of Govt of India, its Sports Ministry, and the Indian Tennis Federations, all of which saw to it that, Vijay Amrithraj was humiliated discriminated.  He was criticised at the slightest opportunity, along with his elder brother Anand Amrithraj, himself a great Tennis Player.  All the above, were all just to pull down Vijay Amrithraj, as the brahmins of this Country could not digest and tolerate the sight of a black, the utterly Coal Dark Boy, that too a SC with his Brothers dominating, the highly paying glamorous World of Tennis, in this Country and as well as Abroad.  Those in spite of his great game and contributions to Indian Tennis, including starting Amritraj-Brittania Tennis Academy at Madras, which had produced the next generation of Tennis Greats like Leander Paes for India.

 

The brahmins here could also not bear the fact that, it was only the Vijay Amrithraj’s elder brother Anand Amrithraj, who first became the Indian National Tennis Champion, by dethroning the then No 1 Tennis Player, Ramanathan Krishnan of Madras, the blue eyed boy of Govts, and a darling of the brahmins, as he himself was a brahmin from Tamil Nadu.  Then came Vijay Amrithraj, to rule the roost; likely to be followed then by, his younger sibling Ashok Amrithraj.  All these, naturally upset the brahmin Psyche, especially when the Amrithrajs were Tamil Christian SC Dalits, originating from the Kolar Gold Fields in the then Mysore State, which was the Nursery of SC Dalit Developments and Growth.  Hence, the brahmins then in power and position, conspired in many ways, not to allow Vijay Amrithraj Progress, and also completely block his younger Brother from Playing for the Nation, in the most important and popular Davis Cup Matches.

 

The brahmins did everything they could do in the rule books, to effectively sabotage everywhere Vijay Amrithraj.  The brahmins also completely blocked and marginalised his younger brother Ashok Amrithraj.  They brahmins also tried their best, and worked very hard to somehow replace Vijay Amrithraj himself, though he had often given his heart out, and played with all his capacity energy might to win Matches for the Nation.

 

Vijay Amrithraj’s Game was in many ways legendary, especially in Davis Cup Clashes, against big teams of big Sporting Nations playing Tennis for Ages.  Recorded Tennis History of those days shows that, Vijay Amrithraj and his elder brother Anand Amrithraj, playing Singles, Doubles and Reverse Singles, nearly came up once to win the Davis Cup for the Country.  But, they were forced by the GoI to Concede the Matches and Title, due to India’s International Politics.  That is now almost forgotten.

 

These are only a few examples of brahmin conspiracy and on going sabotage in the Country.  These are only the tip of ice-berg.  The Truth stinks here.

 

National Game of Hockey

 

In the National Game of Hockey, many SC and ST Players like the great Manuel, Peter; Topno Brothers and Tirkey had played for the Nation.  But, they were never really honoured, or are being remembered ever.  Many of them, spent their post-hockey days, sadly in total misery and utter poverty, and only died as Paupers.

 

Foot-Ball

 

Similar is the case, in the most popular game of Football.  SC&ST Players like the then Mysore and East-Bengal Teams’ Damodharan or Damu, were there playing for India.  They were never encouraged or promoted, like the few brahmin players or the others from the dominant caste hindu communities.

 

Cricket

 

Cricket which has now become a street game, had seen many SCs&STs.  Some of them were great outstanding players, at times even much better than the highly promoted Tendulkar.  But they were all, cleverly rather cunningly, eliminated repeatedly and almost very openly though silently.

 

Table Tennis

 

Table Tennis is the most Populous Game amongst Children.  Many great SC&ST Players were there; who were all systematically sidelined marginalised and eliminated; almost to a plan by the brahmins and dominant caste hindus.

 

Billiards and Snooker

 

There were a number of great SC Players in Billiards and Snooker, especially from Bangalore and Mysore, who had made the National Grade.  Where they went, and where they are now, no body knows.

 

Field and Track Events

 

In the Field and Track Events, there were many individuals, who had blazed through the Stadiums in their heydays, hardly to be recognised and awarded.

 

One can not forget the Golden Girl, Miss Vanajakshi of Mount Carmel College, Bangalore.  She was a great SC Girl, in the Field and Track Events.  Seeing her records and performances, the then Mysore Division of Southern Railway picked her up.  Because of her Record-Breaking contributions to the Mysore Division, she was transferred to the HQrs Office of Southern Railway at Madras, to favour and benefit the Madras Division, in getting Divisional and Inter-Divisional Sports Meet Championships; the Team and Individual Championships, for Madras and the Madras Division.

 

Miss Vanajakshi, was an Outstanding Sports Woman, a Champion excelling in almost all Field and Track Events, particularly in the 100 and 200 metres Races, Long Jump and High Jump.  She was a very sophisticated and too stylish Sports Woman in the Stadium; was a treat for the eyes to watch, for style and track-suits which were then rarely used.  Not only was she always Individual Woman Champion, but she held the All-India Record in her most Favourite event of High Jump, more than a Decade.

 

These are forgotten facts, remembered by only a few.  In an All India Railway Function, to honour outstanding Sports Men and Women past and then of the Railways, by the then Railway Minister, Mr Ram Vilas Paswan in 1996-97, Railways could not even locate and invite Miss Vanajakshi to Delhi, even when specifically told to.  Yes, to that extent great SC&ST Athletes are neglected by the Officials Universities Banks PSUs Departments Ministries and Govts everywhere, be it in the Union Territories, States and at the Centre.

 

MUSIC

 

Music is no doubt, the most memorable heartfelt vibrant and visible of Performing Art, that touches captivates and captures the heart mind nerves imagination body and soul.  Since it is practically inborn, and intrinsic with every living species, it has been taken for separate discussion here, from all others Arts.

 

Music it is said is in the blood bones minds and steps of the People, who live in close proximity with Nature.  Then, there is no wonder that the SC&ST Dalits, as the true Children of the Earth, bound to their Lands and thus integral with Nature, are born as Singers and Dancers.  Truly, it is so.

 

It is also, said well here that –

 

Without Beats there are No Rhythms,

Without Rhythm there can be No Ragas,

Without Ragas there can never be any Songs,

Without Beats and Songs there can be No Steps;

 

Without Drums there can be No Beats,

Without Leather there can’t be any Drums,

Without Skin or Skinners, there can be No Leather,

Without Leather, traditionally there can’t be any Drums;

 

Without Dalits there can be No Leather,

Without the Dalits, there is No Leather, No Drums,

Without Dalits, No Body can even Play Drums for Beats,

Without these there can be No Songs, No Music, so No Dances.

 

But SCs&STs were and still are, carefully kept out of all the Prominent, Paying, Professional Music Performances.

 

Honestly Speaking – Singing and Dancing were not only relegated to the backgrounds, actually they were so condemned, to be the avocations of street singers, street dancers, beggars or prostitutes.  It was and still is, being said everywhere amongst the People that, those who sing or dance, do so only for a cheap living, or their unending carnal pleasures.  So the brahmins confined them, to certain lowly Backward Classes, Christians, Muslims.  That it is said, till the brahmins realised that there are lots of money in these activities.  And also that they can be used to influence and trap the rich people, large traders, senior officials, big governors, and even mighty rulers.  So the brahmins, learned and adopted the art of singing and music, as part of their culture growing up and main habit.  That, to practice in privacy for the pleasures of the great powerful people, and gain access to their rich private places and individual chambers, to gain very immensely and wield big influences, for their own individual growth comforts, and for the benefits of their families.  These, they do even today.

 

All the above do not mean that, the brahmins learnt their music and dances only recently, as they want the common people here to believe.  No, that is not true.  Many brahmins, especially those nearer the rulers, always practiced and showed their skills in dancing and singing in exclusive privacy to the kings and princes in the palaces.  Thus they were always preying on the ruling families.

 

The brahmins, with professional training practice and opportunities, given to them in an organised way, by themselves have come to monopolise stage performances, drama, cinema, radio and TV.  On the contrary, as studying youngsters with an open mind, especially the SCs&STs were attracted by English and other Western Songs by Abba, Beetles, Bony M, Jim Reeves etc.  Upset by the digression and diversion of attention of many of the educated youth, the brahmins first tried to restrict, or even ban all English Music from being broadcast in the All India Radio, especially in the primetime.  They in fact denigrated English Music and Songs, and looked down and insulted all those who were attracted to English and English Music.

 

When the brahmins could not stop the educated youth, they encouraged many brahmins, especially their own educated people – the brahmin Professionals working in the Metros.  They asked them to Compose and Play small Notes set to Western Music in Radio as a hobby to start with, at least for business and commercial Advertisements, of small and big firms on good payments, to promote their products amongst the educated youth who loved English Music.  Then, they suddenly discovered, a Madras Tamil brahmin woman, singing in the Clubs and some Star Hotels of Bombay and Calcutta.  The brahmins, naturally latched themselves quickly on to that brahmin singer, and promoted her high up up, sky high, fully using prominently her brahmin title Iyer attached with her name, till the day she divorced her husband, dropped down even her caste title Iyer, on marrying some rich North Indian.  Immediately, they dropped her Sir-Name, and now allow her to perform, only with her maiden name; and not with her new North Indian Husband’s Name.  So parochial and calculated are the brahmins, for dominance and gain control over the society.  And also absorb money riches and wealth like big dangerous leaches.

 

With great struggles and against lots of Oppositions and Criticisms, one Mr Illaya Raja, suddenly appeared on the Southern Music World.  He started composing Music for the Tamil Cinema, and scored many great big Hits.  He had done, so wonderfully well that, he began to dominate the Tamil Cinema etc.  He was, very uncomfortably for the till then dominating and monopolistic brahmins, a SC Dalit.  The brahmins tried, all best tricks and their known games to undermine sideline put down and marginalise Mr Illaya Raja.  And for that, the brahmins and their senior officials, even banned some of his best great hit Numbers, like Paartheylla Ingey, Kettaelley Angey that in the crude ungrammatical brahmanic Tamil Dialect, most extensively used by the brahmins all over Tamil Nadu, meant Have you Seen Here, when you had Asked There, from being Aired from any of the Radio Stations in Tamil Nadu.  For, then all the Radio Stations were then practically under their total control.  Then there was only the AIR – All India Radio.  But what was ridiculous, the same song in Kanada and Telugu Languages, as the Film was dubbed in those Languages, were broadcast from AIR Stations in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, very regularly being the most popular and successful song with too great a hit music.  And the Song in Tamil came on the air, only from the Tamil Programmes of the Commercial Broadcasting of Radio Ceylon.

 

Every brahmin tried their best, to promote many others, in Tamil Music, Tamil Cinema, as an alternate to Mr Illaya Raja, but all of them miserably failed.  Then, suddenly realising that SCs&STs are born singers and dancers, they promoted a SC to Sing and also set scores for Tamil Cinema Songs.  And when that SC Musician gained some popularity, they brought him over All India Radio and TV, and arranged an Interview.  During the course of that live Interview, they asked him, ‘what you think about the Music and Capabilities of Mr Illaya Raja?’  That poor SC fellow said, ‘Mr Illaya Raja is really an Ocean, and before him I am only a small petty well, or at the most a small pond.’  May be, he only spoke the truth, or what he knew or actually felt.  But the brahmins, Cheesed-Off dumped him abruptly since then, as they expected that he would criticise, and rubbish the great Music Maestro Mr Illaya Raja. The brahmins, without loosing their hearts went about seriously searching and promoting many others, to finally putdown the great Tamil Musician Mr Illaya Raja.

 

The brahmins could never putdown Mr Illaya Raja, and he grew by leaps and bounds.  Now his brothers and their children, and Mr Illaya Raja’s own son are setting Music to Tamil Cinemas.  And thereafter, Mr Illaya Raja, was once invited for Composing Music, by the London Philomenic Orchestra.  It is reported that he did it so fast and quickly, almost in no time.  But, none was there, Nobody from the Central Govt, Nobody from the State Govts, not even any Representative of the Tamil Nadu Govt, and No Representative from the Tamil Cinema to Receive and Honour him when he Landed in Bombay on his Return from that Trip to London.  That was the greatest Insult they heaped on him.  And only an handful of News Papers and Magazines Published that Story and very few Criticised the Govts and the Cine World then or later. 

 

The brahmins search to find an alternative to Mr Illaya Raja, ultimately appears to have ended, on finding the popular Musician AR Raguman.  In spite of, many big successes, he still could not replace Mr Illaya Raja in the Southern Films.  Now Illaya Raja is really an Industry, a Music House, with a Music Family.  Almost, all his Siblings and Children are in the Music World.  His consent, appears to Signal sure Success and Box-Office Hit, of many Cinemas.  So, he and his family, are in great demand to set Music for many Tamil Cinemas, to ensure their Success.

 

Instrumental Music

 

There were and are lots of Instrumental Musicians from SC&ST Families, especially in Violin and Drums.

 

Thappu

 

Thappu is simple leather Drum, held in one hand and played with the other, or hung around the neck and pressed on to the belly with one hand, and played by beating the leather with another hand, or with a stick in the other hand, or two sticks in both hands, for the Street Music and Dances.  Because of its simplicity, it became a fine and fantastic popular Musical Instrument, in the skilled imaginative hands of indigenous SC Dalits.  But, as the landlords and the rich, used to humiliate and harass the SC Dalits, to play it for them at their homes and streets, for their Marriages and in Marriage Processions, other Functions, Death Processions etc, for free or a small fee, almost for a Pittance.  Hence, the SC Dalits in protest, had given up playing Thappu completely, as that was seen as a form of Social Slavery.  Hence as part of their quest for Freedom, their Dignity, Self-Respect and Liberation from Social Slavery, from the exploitative and oppressive Landlords and the caste hindus, the SC Dalits had hung up the Trappe once and for all, almost in all Villages and Slums.

 

The Dalit Solidarity in boycotting the Landlords and the caste hindus was so strong that, since long, even small girls and women will throw away the Thappu, or the simplest form of it made out of Earthen Neck of a Pot, with the Leather stretched on its Mouth and tied, if they see it with any of their children.  That though the simple form of it is made in large numbers, and marketed in hundreds in every village and town, for beating and playing in the streets by the youngsters, during the Eve of the famous South Indian Harvest Festival of Pongal, being celebrated with conventional frenzy by the young children and the old alike, as Bogy.

 

Since SC Dalits refuse, don’t Play Thappu and its cheapest mud frame version these days, it is the Children of other caste hindus from backward castes, and even many from the DCHs – dominant caste hindus, who play it crudely on the Days of Bogy.  The boycott of the Thappu, was and still is very strong, that Thappu Beating, or Playing Thappu, and so the beats of Rhythm of Thappu for Music, had almost vanished.

 

Because of the big Demand for Thappu Players in Tamil and Telugu Cinemas, and for many Street Performances, it had recently been revived by some individuals, and it is now getting fresh life and re-emerging as a Powerful Protest Voice or Music of the Dalits of South India.

 

Some Japanese Scholars and Activists, as well as many others have come here recently, as they were interested in Thappu and Thappu Players.  Some of them, were therefore sent to many parts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu in South India, with a few references of Thappu Players.  And, what happened to their efforts, is as usually not known, as the scholars don’t generally give any feedback, or send any write up or even give references of their Publications, if any.

 

DETAILED STUDY AND COMPILATION OF DATA

 

A Detailed Study and Compilation of Data, on all these Issues and in many such Areas, will go a long way, in understanding the Continuing and ongoing Problems of the existing Biases and continuing Prejudices against the SCs&STs everywhere here in this Country; to keep the SCs&STs Backward.  Everyone forgets that as long as the SCs&STs are kept Backward, this Nation is bound to remain Backward, to Lag-Behind in most Spheres of Arts Culture Music and Development.

 

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*              The Paper, as an Introduction to the Problems Discussed there in, is still under Construction and is Incomplete